தமிழ் பிராமி Tamil Brahmi
தமிழின் முதல் எழுத்து வடிவம் Tamil's first writing system
INDEX TO GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES IN THE INSCRIPTIONS |
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Grammatical morphemes occurring in the Corpus are listed in col.1 of this Index. The listing is in the Tamil alphabetical order. The functions of the morphemes are described in col. 2. An example (generally the earliest) of each function of the grammatical morphemes is cited in col. 3. The basic consonant of doubled consonants not in the original is shown within brackets in this Index. Reference Numbers (as in the Commentary, ETE 2) of the words or segments with the grammatical morphemes are given in the last col. at right. For other illustrations and detailed treatment, see Chapter 7 (Grammar), ETE 2. |
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MORPHEME
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DESCRIPTION
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EXAMPLE
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REF. NO.
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-a
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Accusative case suffix
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itta
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Adjectival past participle suffix
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koṭṭupitta-a
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Attributive suffix
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nanta-a
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Genitive case suffix
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ciḻivaṉ-a
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Infinitive suffix
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vai(k)ka
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-am
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Neuter singular nominative suffix
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pēr-ay-am
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-ar
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Honorific singular suffix
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tāyiyaru (fem.)
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Third person epicene plural suffix in pronoun
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iruvar
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Third person epicene plural suffix in past participial noun
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cētavar
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-al
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Verbal noun suffix
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ko(ṭ)ṭal-
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-avvaṉ
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Third person masculine singular suffix
in appellative noun
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vēḷ-ūr-avvaṉ
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-avaṉ
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Third person masculine singular suffix in past participial noun
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koṭu(p)pit(t)a-vaṉ
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-aḷ
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Feminine singular suffix
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makaḷ
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-aṉ
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Attributive suffix (alternatively, as in 2 below)
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parampaṉ (parampu + aṉ)
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Masculine singular suffix in appellative noun
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kaṭal-aṉ
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Masculine singular suffix in common noun
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makan
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Masculine singular suffix in personal name
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neṭuñcaḻiyaṉ
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-ā
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Adjectival suffix
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mutā (mutu + ā)
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Genitive case suffix
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nalli-[y]-ūr-ā
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-ār
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Honorific singular suffix
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kiḻ[ā]r
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-āṉ
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Masculine singular suffix in personal name
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kāttān
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Third person masculine singular suffix in past participial noun
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ceyvittāṉ
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-i-
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Past tense marker in adjectival past participle
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cē-iya
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-i
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Feminine singular suffix in appellative noun
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koṟṟi
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Feminine singular suffix in common noun
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-aṇṇi
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Paragogic suffix after noun ending in -i
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kaṇi-i
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-iy
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Paragogic suffix after noun ending in -i
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pa(ḷ)ḷi-iy
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-iṉ
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Attributive suffix
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patiṉ- (pat + iṉ)
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Genitive case suffix
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kuṇāviṉ
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Past tense marker in adjectival past participle
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ā-iṉa
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-u
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Derivational suffix
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piṇa-u
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Euphonic suffix added to noun
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eru(k)kā(ṭ)ṭu-ūru
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Euphonic suffix added to verb
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puṇaru-
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-um
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Intensifying particle: 'also, too'
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avv-iruvar-um
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-ē
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Emphatic particle
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kuv-aṉ-ke (ku+ē)
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-ōr
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Epicene plural suffix in appellative noun
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nikama(t)tōr
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Epicene plural suffix in past participial noun
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ko(ṭ)ṭi-ōr
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-ōṉ
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Masculine singular suffix in appellative noun
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aṭi-ōṉ
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Masculine singular suffix in personal name
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ceṟ-ataṉ-ōṉ
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Third person masculine singular suffix
in non-past participial noun
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ve(p)pōṉ
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Third person masculine singular suffix in past participial noun
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koṭu(p)pi(t)tōṉ
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-(k)k-
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Non-past (non-completive) tense marker
in infinitive
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vai(k)ka
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-ku
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Dative case suffix ('to')
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kuv-aṉ-kē (ku + ē)
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Dative case suffix ('for')
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ko(ṭ)ṭal-ku
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Possessive-locative case suffix ('in, at')
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mattirai-kē (ku + ē)
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Suffix indicating direction
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teṉku
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-kai
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Suffix indicating direction
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muḻākai
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-tt-
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Past tense marker in adjectival past participle
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koṭṭupitta-a
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Past tense marker in past participial noun
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īttavaṉ
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-(t)t-
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Past tense marker in adjectival past participle
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kuṭu(p)pi(t)ta
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Past tense marker in past participial noun
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koṭu(p)pi(t)tōṉ
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-tti
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Feminine singular suffix
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pa(m)mitti
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-(t)tu
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Suffix of the oblique case
of neuter singular noun ending in -(a)m
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nikama(t)tu
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-t-
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Past tense marker in adjectival past participle
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ceyta
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Past tense marker in past participial noun
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cētavar
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-nt-
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Past tense marker in adjectival past participle
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piṟanta
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-(p)p-
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Non-past tense marker in participial noun
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ve(p)pōṉ
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-(p)pi
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Causative suffix in adjectival past participle
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kuṭu(p)pi(t)ta
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Causative suffix in past participial noun
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koṭu(p)pi(t)tōṉ
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-pi-
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Causative suffix in adjectival past participle
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koṭṭupitta-a
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Causative suffix in past participial noun
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koṭṭupi(t)tōṉ
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-m-
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Hiatus-filler
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pāṅkāṭa (pā-m-kāṭu-a)
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-y-
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Glide between two vowels (when the preceding one is a front vowel)
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ko(ṭ)ṭi-y-avaṉ
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Past tense markerin adjectival past participle
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cē-y-a
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-y
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Paragogic suffix after noun ending in -i
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kaṇi-y
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Paragogic suffix after noun ending in -ai
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tantai-y
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-y-i
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Paragogic suffix after noun ending in -i
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-siri-y-i
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-yi
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Paragogic suffix after noun ending in -i
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-pa(l*)i-yi
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-v-
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Glide between two vowels (when the preceding one is a central or back vowel)
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iruvar
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-vi-
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Causative suffix in adjectival past participle
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ceyivitta
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Causative suffix in past participial noun
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cēvit-ōṉ
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Indo-Aryan
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-ō
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Nominative case-ending in masculine singular noun
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-pu(t)tō
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-sa
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Genitive case-ending in masculine singular noun
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utayaṉa(s)sa
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